لهجه
هاي ايران
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Islamic Republic of Iran,
Jomhouri-e-Eslami-e-Irân.
National or official language: Western Farsi.
65,758,000 (1998 UN). Literacy rate 70% to 75%
among those 6 years old and over (1995-996 Iran
Statistical Center). Also includes Hulaula 300,
Turkish 2,570, people from Afghanistan
1,500,000, Kurds from Iraq 120,000, Shi'a Arabs
from Iraq. Information mainly from E. Drowser
1939; R. Macuch 1965; I. Garbell 1965; T. Sebeok
1969, 1970; G. Doerfer et al. 1971; R. Oberling
1974; D.L. Stilo 1981; R.D. Hoberman 1988a, b.
Shi'a Muslim (official), Sunni Muslim, Baha'i,
Christian. Blind population 200,000 (1982 WCE).
Deaf population 3,978,055. Deaf institutions:
50. Data accuracy estimate: B, C. The number of
languages listed for Iran is 71. Of those, 69
are living languages and 2 are extinct.
Diversity index 0.76.
Spoken living
languages
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| AIMAQ |
[AIQ] 170,000
(1993 Johnstone). Mazanderan
Province. Dialects: TEIMURI
(TEIMURTASH). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Southwestern, Persian.
More
information.
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| ALVIRI-VIDARI |
[AVD]
Near Saveh. Dialects:
ALVIR (ALVIRI), VIDAR (VIDARI). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| ARABIC,
GULF SPOKEN |
[AFB] 200,000
in Iran (1993). Southern
coast. Alternate names:
KHALIJI, GULF ARABIC. Dialects:
AL-HASAA. Classification:
Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South,
Arabic.
More
information.
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| ARABIC,
MESOPOTAMIAN SPOKEN |
[ACM]
1,200,000 in Iran. Khuzestan
Province, southwest side of Zagros
Mts., along the bank of the Shatt al
Arab and the Tigris. Alternate
names: MESOPOTAMIAN GELET ARABIC.
Classification: Afro-Asiatic,
Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
More
information.
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| ARMENIAN |
[ARM] 170,800
in Iran (1993). Northern
Iran, Azerbaijan around Khoi, Shahpur,
Ahar, Tabriz, Tehran, Esfahan, Shiraz.
Alternate names: HAIEREN,
SOMEKHURI, ERMENICE, ARMJANSKI. Dialects:
EASTERN ARMENIAN, AGULIS, ASTRAKHAN,
EREVAN, JOLFA (DZHULFA), KARABAGH
SHAMAKHI, TBILISI (TIFLIS), ARTVIN,
KHOI-SALMST (KHVOY), URMIA-MARAGHEH.
Classification: Indo-European,
Armenian.
More
information.
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| ASHTIANI |
[ATN]
Tafres area. Alternate
names: ASTIANI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| ASSYRIAN
NEO-ARAMAIC |
[AII] 10,000
to 20,000 in Iran (1994) out of a
reported population of 80,000. Reza'iyeh
(Rizaiye, Urmia, Urmi). Most in
Tehran. Dialects: IRANIAN KOINE
(GENERAL URMI). Classification:
Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central,
Aramaic, Eastern, Central,
Northeastern.
More
information.
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| AZERBAIJANI,
SOUTH |
[AZB]
23,500,000 in Iran (1997), or 37.3% of
the population (1997), including
290,000 Afshar, 5,000 Aynallu, 7,500
Baharlu, 1,000 Moqaddam, 3,500 Nafar
1,000 Pishagchi, 3,000 Qajar, 2,000
Qaragozlu, 130,000 Shahsavani (1993). Population
total all countries 24,364,000. Alternate
names: AZERI. Dialects:
AYNALLU (INALLU, INANLU), KARAPAPAKH,
TABRIZ, AFSHARI (AFSHAR, AFSAR),
SHAHSAVANI (SHAHSEVEN), MOQADDAM,
BAHARLU (KAMESH), NAFAR, QARAGOZLU,
PISHAGCHI, BAYAT, QAJAR. Classification:
Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani.
More
information.
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| BALOCHI,
SOUTHERN |
[BCC] 405,000
in Iran. Southern
Baluchistan Province. Alternate
names: BALUCHI, BALUCI, BALOCI.
Dialects: MAKRANI (LOTUNI).
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Balochi.
More
information.
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| BALOCHI,
WESTERN |
[BGN] 451,000
in Iran, 1% of the population (1986). Northern
Baluchistan Province. Half are settled
in cities and villages, half are
nomadic. Alternate names:
BALUCHI, BALUCI, BALOCI. Dialects:
RAKHSHANI (RAXSHANI), SARAWANI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
More
information.
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| BASHKARDI |
[BSG]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Balochi.
More
information.
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| BRAHUI |
[BRH] 10,000
in Iran (1983). Eastern. Alternate
names: BRAHUDI, BIRAHUI, KUR
GALLI. Dialects:
JHARAWAN, KALAT, SARAWAN. Classification:
Dravidian, Northern.
More
information.
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| DARI |
[GBZ] 8,000
to 15,000 (1999). Yezd and
Kerman areas. Alternate names:
'GABRI', 'GABAR'. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| DOMARI |
[RMT] 80,000
in Iran (1929). Population total
all countries 500,000 (1980 Kenrick).
Alternate names: MIDDLE EASTERN
ROMANI, TSIGENE, GYPSY. Dialects:
KURBATI (GHORBATI), QINATI, YÜRÜK,
KOLI, KARACHI, LULI, MAZNOUG, NAWAR.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central
zone, Dom.
More
information.
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| DZHIDI |
[DZH] (60,000
in Israel; 1995). Alternate
names: JUDEO-PERSIAN, DJUDI, JUDI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Southwestern, Persian.
More
information.
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| ESHTEHARDI |
[ESH]
Eshtehard and environs,
Karaj District, Central Province. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| FARS |
[FAC]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Southwestern, Fars.
More
information.
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| FARSI,
WESTERN |
[PES]
22,000,000 in Iran, or 35.92% of the
population (1997), including 800,000
Dari in Khorasan, Gilan, Tat,
Bakhtiyari, Lor. Population total
all countries 24,280,000. Alternate
names: PERSIAN, PARSI. Dialects:
QAZVINI, MAHALLATI, HAMADANI, KASHANI,
ISFAHANI, SEDEHI, KERMANI, ARAKI,
SHIRAZI, JAHROMI, SHAHRUDI, KAZERUNI,
MASHADI (MESHED), BASSERI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Southwestern, Persian.
More
information.
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| GAZI |
[GZI]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| GEORGIAN |
[GEO] 1,000
to 10,000 in Iran. Alternate
names: KARTULI, GRUZIN. Dialects:
FEREYDAN (FEREJDAN). Classification:
South Caucasian, Georgian.
More
information.
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| GILAKI |
[GLK]
3,265,000 (1993), including 2,000
Galeshi (1991 WA). Gilan
region, coastal plain, south of
Talish. Galeshi is a mountain dialect.
Alternate names: GELAKI,
GILANI, GUILAKI, GUILANI. Dialects:
GALESHI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Caspian.
More
information.
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| GOZARKHANI |
[GOZ]
Alamut area. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| HARZANI |
[HRZ]
West Azerbaijan Province,
Qalingie, betweenf Marand and Jolfa,
northwest of Tabriz. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| HAWRAMI |
[HAC]
West part of Kordestan
Province, near Iraq border. Alternate
names: HAWRAMANI, GURANI, GORANI,
MÂCHO MÂCHO. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani.
More
information.
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| HAZARAGI |
[HAZ] 283,000
in Iran (1993). Alternate
names: HAZARA, HEZAREH, HEZARE'I.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Southwestern, Persian.
More
information.
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| HERKI |
[HEK]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Kurdish.
More
information.
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| JADGALI |
[JAV]
Alternate names: JATGALI,
JATKI, JAT. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian,
Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
More
information.
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| KABATEI |
[XKP]
Rudbar District, Gilan
Province. Dialects: KALAS,
KABATE. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| KAJALI |
[XKJ]
Khalkhal District in
Eastern Azerbaijan Province,
Kaqazkonan District, Kajal. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| KARINGANI |
[KGN]
East Azerbaijan Province,
Dizmar District, Keringan village, and
Hasanu District, northeast of Tabriz. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| KAZAKH |
[KAZ] 3,000
in Iran (1982 estimate). Gorgan
City, Mazandaran Province. Alternate
names: KAZAK, KAZAKHI, GAZAQI.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic,
Western, Aralo-Caspian.
More
information.
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| KHALAJ |
[KJF]
Also spoken in Azerbaijan.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern.
More
information.
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| KHALAJ |
[KLJ] 17,000
and decreasing (1968). Northeast
of Arak in Central Province. Classification:
Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani.
More
information.
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| KHOINI |
[XKC]
Khoin District, Zanjan
Province. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| KHORASANI
TURKISH |
[KMZ] 400,000
possibly (1977 Doerfer). Northeast
Iran, in the northern part of Khorasan
Province, especially northwest of
Mashhad. West dialect in Bojnurd
region; north dialect in Quchan region
(probably the largest), south dialect
around Soltanabad near Sabzevar. Alternate
names: QUCHANI. Dialects:
WEST QUCHANI (NORTHWEST QUCHANI),
NORTH QUCHANI (NORTHEAST QUCHANI),
SOUTH QUCHANI. Classification:
Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
More
information.
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| KHUNSARI |
[KFM]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| KORESH-E
ROSTAM |
[OKH]
Eastern Azerbaijan
Province, Koresh-e Rostam District. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| KOROSHI |
[KTL] 160 to
200, or 40 to 50 families (Mohamedi).
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Balochi.
More
information.
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| KURDI |
[KDB]
3,250,000 in Iran. Northwest
Iran, primarily Kordestan,
Kermanshahan, West Azerbaijan
provinces; also a large number in
northeast Iran, in the very north of
Khorasan Province. Alternate names:
KURDY, SOUTHERN KURDISH, SORANI,
KORKORA, WÂWÂ. Dialects:
KERMANSHAHI, MUKRI, JAFI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
More
information.
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| KURMANJI |
[KUR] 200,000
in Iran (1983 estimate). Mountain
villages along the Turkey border
region in the west of West Azerbaijan
Province. Alternate names:
NORTHERN KURDISH, KERMANJI, KIRMANJI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Kurdish.
More
information.
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| LARI |
[LRL]
Alternate names: LARESTANI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Southwestern, Fars.
More
information.
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| LASGERDI |
[LSA]
In Lasgerd. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Semnani.
More
information.
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| LURI |
[LRI]
4,280,000 in Iran (1993) including
680,000 Bakhtiari (1989). Population
total all countries 4,280,000 or more.
Alternate names: LUR, LOR,
LORI. Dialects: LURI,
FEYLI, LEKI (LAKI, ALAKI), BAKHTIARI,
KELHURI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Southwestern, Luri.
More
information.
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| MANDAIC |
[MID] 800 to
1,000 speakers in Iran, out of an
ethnic group of 5,000 in Khuzistan,
Iran who speak Western Farsi. 23,000
ethnic Mandaeans in Iraq all speak
Arabic (1994 H. Mutzafi), but some
people are reported to be bilingual in
Mandaic. Population total both
countries 800 to 1,000. Alternate
names: MANDAEAN, NEO-MANDAIC,
MODERN MANDAIC, MANDA:YI, MANDI,
SUBBI, SA'IBA. Dialects:
AHWAZ (AHVAZ), SHUSHTAR, IRAQI
NEO-MANDAIC. Classification:
Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central,
Aramaic, Eastern, Mandaic.
More
information.
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| MARAGHEI |
[VMH]
Upper Rudbar area (Rudbare
Alamut). Dialects: DIKINI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| MAZANDERANI |
[MZN]
3,265,000 or 4.7% of the population
(1993). Northern Iran near
Caspian Sea, southern half of
Mazandaran Province. Alternate
names: TABRI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Caspian.
More
information.
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| NATANZI |
[NTZ]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| NAYINI |
[NYQ]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| PARSI-DARI |
[PRD] Population
total both countries 350,000 or more.
Alternate names: PARSEE-DARI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| PASHTO,
SOUTHERN |
[PBT] 113,000
in Iran (1993). Khorasan on
Afghanistan border east of Qa'en. Alternate
names: PASHTU, PAKTU. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
More
information.
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| QASHQA'I |
[QSQ]
1,500,000 (1997), or 2.38% of the
population (1997). Southwestern
Iran, Fars Province; southern pasture
in winter, northern in summer. Shiraz
is a center. Alternate names:
QASHQAY, QASHQAI, KASHKAI. Classification:
Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani.
More
information.
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| RASHTI |
[RSH]
Rasht city, the provincial
capital of Gilan. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Caspian.
More
information.
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| RAZAJERDI |
[RAT]
Qazvin Kuhpaye area,
Razajerd. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| ROMANI,
BALKAN |
[RMN]
Dialects: ZARGARI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian,
Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani,
Balkan.
More
information.
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| RUDBARI |
[RDB]
Sefid Rud Valley. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| SALCHUQ |
[SLQ]
Classification: Altaic, Turkic,
Southern, Azerbaijani.
More
information.
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| SANGISARI |
[SGR]
Alternate names: SANGESARI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Semnani.
More
information.
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| SEMNANI |
[SMJ]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Semnani.
More
information.
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| SENAYA |
[SYN] 60 in
Iran (1997 H. Mutzafi). Population
total all countries 500. Alternate
names: SENA:YA, CHRISTIAN
NEO-ARAMAIC, SHAN SRAY, LSHAN SRAY,
SORAY, SRAY, SHAN GYANAN. Classification:
Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central,
Aramaic, Eastern, Central,
Northeastern.
More
information.
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| SHAHMIRZADI |
[SRZ]
Shahmirzad. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Caspian.
More
information.
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| SHAHRUDI |
[SHM]
Khalkhal District in
Eastern Azerbaijan Province, Shahrud
District, Shal, Kolur, Lerd. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| SHIKAKI |
[SHF]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Kurdish.
More
information.
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| SIVANDI |
[SIY]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| SOI |
[SOJ]
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
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| SORKHEI |
[SQO]
In Sorkhe. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Semnani.
More
information.
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| TAKESTANI |
[TKS]
220,000. Various towns and
villages in the mainly
Azerbaijani-speaking region from
Khalkhal to Saveh, especially in
Takestan and villages to the south and
southeast. Alternate names:
TAKISTANI. Dialects:
KHALKHAL, TAROM, ZANJAN, KHARAQAN,
RAMAND (TAKESTAN). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| TALYSH |
[TLY] 112,000
in Iran (1993). Along the
Caspian Sea up to Kepri-chal,
northwest Gilan Province along coastal
plain. Northern Talyshi is centered
around Astara and the Caspian littoral
in Azerbaijan; Central Talyshi is
centered around the Asalem-Hashtpar
area along the Caspian littoral in
northwestern Iran; Southern Talyshi is
centered around Shandermen, Masal,
Masule, and surrounding mountainous
areas in Gilan Province. Alternate
names: TALISH, TALESH, TALISHI.
Dialects: NORTHERN TALYSHI,
CENTRAL TALYSHI, SOUTHERN TALYSHI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
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| TAROMI,
UPPER |
[TIB]
Upper Tarom of Zanjan
Province, Hazarrud, Siavarud. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
More
information.
|
| TAT,
MUSLIM |
[TTT] 8,000
in Iran. Alternate
names: MUSSULMAN TATI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Southwestern, Tat.
More
information.
|
| TURKMEN |
[TCK]
2,000,000 in Iran (1997), or 3.17% of
the population (1997). Northeast,
mainly in Mazandaran Province, along
the Turkmenistan border; important
centers are Gonbad-e Kavus and Pahlavi
Dezh. Alternate names:
TORKOMANI. Dialects:
ANAULI, KHASARLI, NEREZIM, NOKHURLI
(NOHUR), CHAVDUR, ESARI (ESARY),
GOKLEN (GOKLAN), SALYR, SARYQ, TEKE
(TEKKE), YOMUD (YOMUT), TRUKMEN.
Classification: Altaic, Turkic,
Southern, Turkmenian.
More
information.
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| VAFSI |
[VAF]
Central Province, Arak
District, Vafs, Tafres area. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
More
information.
|
Extinct languages
| AVESTAN |
[AVS] Alternate
names: PAZEND, AVESTA. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian,
Eastern, Northeastern.
More
information.
|
| MANDAIC, CLASSICAL |
[MYZ] Also used in Iraq
and small communities in the USA and
Australia (300 Mandaeans in Sydney in
1995). Alternate names:
CLASSICAL MANDAEAN. Classification:
Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central,
Aramaic, Eastern, Mandaic.
More
information.
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Deaf sign languages
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Public Relation 